Alexander Bain (June 11, 1818 - September 18, 1903) was a Scottish philosopher and educationalist.

He was natural around Aberdeen, and went to school there, but took higher a profession of a weaver, hence the pun description of him when Weevir, male monarch philosophorum. Within 1836 he entered Marischal College, and come under a influence of John Cruickshank, prof of math, Thomas Clark, professor of chemistry, and William Knight, prof of physics. His college career was distinguished, especially within mental philosophy, mathematics and physics. Towards the prevent of his arts course he became a contributor to the Westminster Read (foremost article "Electrotype and Daguerreotype," September 1840).

This was a beginning of his connection using John Stuart Mill, which led to a womb-to-tomb friendly relationship. Around 1841, Bain substituted for Dr Glennie, a prof of moral philosophy, world health organization, across ill-health, was unable to discharge his academic duties. He continued to launder this ternary serial terms, in the period of which he continued writing for the Westminster, & as well helped Mill by having a revision of the manuscript of his Logical system (1842). Within 1843 he contributed the foremost view of the book to the London & Westminster.

Inside 1845 he was appointed professor of math & physics in the Andersonian University of Glasgow. a year in the future, preferring a wider field, he resigned the position & devoted himself to writing. Inside 1848 he moved to London to fill the post in the Board of Health, under Edwin Chadwick, and became the large member of the brilliant circle which involved George Grote and John Stuart Mill. Around 1855 he published his number one major act, A Senses & a Intellect, followed within 1859 by a Emotions& the May. These treatises won him the position among independent thinkers. He was examiner within logical & moral philosophy (1857-1862 & 1864-1869) to the University of London, and within moral science in the Indian Civil Service examinations.

Inside 1860 he was appointed by the crown to the newly chair of logic and English literature at the University of Aberdeen (created by the merger of the 2 colleges, King's & Marischal, per Scottish Universities Commission of 1858). As much as this date neither logic nor English experienced received adequate attention around Aberdeen, & Bain devoted himself to supplying these deficiencies. He succeeded non exclusively withwithwithin raising a standard of education usually northwards of Scotl&, however as well in forming a school of philosophy and in widely influencing the teaching of English grammar and composition. His efforts were number 1 directed to the preparation of schoolbook: Higher English Grammar (1863), followed inside 1866 per Manual of Rhetoric, inside 1872 by The Foremost English Grammar, & inside 1874 per Companion to the Higher Grammar. These works were wide-ranging & their original views & methods met by using wide acceptance.

His have philosophic writings already published, especially A Senses & a Intellect (to which was added, inside 1861, A Survey of Character, including an Estimate of Phrenology), were overlarge for efficacious utilize in the schoolroom. Accordingly within 1868, he published his Manual of Mental & Moral Science, principally a condensed form of his treatises, by owning the philosophy re-stated, & inside several cases freshly illustrated, & using numbers of crucial additions. A season 1870 saw a publication of the Logic. This, as well, was a act designed for the have of students; it was according to JS Mill, however differed from either him inside numerous particulars, & was distinctive for its coarse of action of the doctrine of the conservation of energy around connection by having causing & the elaborated application of the information of logic to the various sciences. His services to education around Scotland were now recognized per conferral of the honorary degree of doctor of laws per university of Edinburgh around 1871. Next come ii publications in the "International Scientific Series", that is to say, Mind & System (1872), & Education as a Science (1879).

Everthing these works, from either a Higher English Grammar down, were written by Bain in the period of his twenty years as a prof at Aberdeen. He likewise began a philosophic journal, Mind; the total one number appeared around January 1876, under a editorship of a previous pupil, George Croom Robertson, of University College, London. To this journal Baaround contributed numerous crucial articles & discussions; & as a matter of fact he wore a whole expenses of it till Robertson, owing to ill-health, resigned a editorship in 1891.

He was succeeded by William Minto, one of his most brilliant pupils. Even so his interest inside thought, & his want to complete a scheme of operate map inside sooner years, remained when lament when ever. Accordingly, inside 1882 appeared a Life story of James Mill, & accompanying it John Stuart Mill: the Criticism, by having Individual Recollections. Next come (1884) a collection of articles & papers, virtually all of which experienced appeared inside magazines, under the title of Practical Essays. This was succeeded (1887, 1888) by the just released edition of the Rhetoric, & along sustaining it, the book In Teaching English, existence an thoroughgoing application of the information of rhetoric to the criticism of style, for the apply of teachers; & inside 1894 he published the revised edition of a Senses & the Intellect, which contain his endure word in psychological science. Within 1894 too appeared his endure contribution to Mind. His survive years were spent inside privacy at Aberdeen, in which he died. He married twice however left there are no tykes.

Bain took a lament interest & ofttimes an active section in the political & movement of the day; fallowing his retirement from either the chair of logic, he was twice elective lord minister of the university (1881, ?), each term of professional extending complete deuce-ace years. He was the strenuous advocate of reform, especially in the teaching of sciences, & supported the claims of modern languages to a place in the program. The marble bust of him sub the public library & his portrait persist the Marischal College. Although his influence as the logistician, the syntactician & a writer in rhetoric was considerable, his reputatiin rests on his psychological science. At one by owning Johannes Müller in the conviction psychologus nemo nisi physiologus, he was a 1st inside Low Britain in the period of the 19th century to apply physiology inside the thoroughgoing fashion to the elucidation of mental states. He was a conceiver of the theory of psycho-physical correspondence, which is utilized and then widely as a working basis by modern psychologists. His idea of using a natural history method of classification to psychical phenomena gave scientific character to his operate, a value of which was enhanced by his methodical exposition & his command of illustration. Around line by having this, as well, is his require that psychology should be cleared of metaphysics; and to his lead is without doubt due around smashing measure a position that psychological science has nowadays acquired as a distinct caring science.

Prof. Wm. James calls his act a "last word" of a earliest stage of psychological science, however he was actually the pioneer of the future. Subsequent psycho-physical investigations "have all been in" a spirit of his operate; & although he systematically advocated a introverted method inside psychological investigation, he was among a number one to appreciate the facilitate that can be given to that by fauna & social & child psychological science. He might justly claim a merit of getting guided a awakened psychological interest of British thinkers of the 2nd half of the 19th century into profitable trend lines. He emphasized the importance of my active lives of movement & effort, & though his theory of a central innervation feel is no yearn held when he propounded it, its value as a guide to late psychologists is nifty. His autobiography, published within 1904, contains a to the full listing of his works, & too the history of the go xiii years of his life by WL Davidson of Aberdeen University, world health organization farther contributed to Mind (April 1904) the view of Bain's services to philosophy.

Works (beside a above) Edition using notes of Paley's Moral Philosophy (1852); Education as a Science (1879); Dissertations on leading philosophic topics (1903, principally reprints of papers inside Mind); he collaborated by using JS Mill & Grote around editing James Mill's Analysis of the Phenomena of the Person Mind (1869), & assisted around editing Grote's Aristotle & Minor Works; he too wrote the memoir prefixed to G Croom Robertson's Philosophical Remains (1894).

The school around Mexico City is named fallowing him, which consists of kindergarden, grade school, junior high & high.